As energy crises, environmental mismanagement, and disease outbreaks increase in our world, an understanding of biology is becoming more important than ever. These laboratory exercises give readers a greater understanding of themselves and of current issues in a biological context. Explores the natural world through Web-based exercises and inquiry-based investigation. Focuses on the scientific method and on science as a process. Features end-of-chapter Web exercises. References other human endeavors such as art, literature, and history. Offers a new exercise in human evolution incorporating recent paleontological discoveries. Presents more information on various animal groups. Approximately 10% of problems revised and rewritten for greater clarity and less redundancy. A useful source for science teachers (grades 7-12) and for anyone interested in learning more about biology.
1. Science as a Way of Learning. Exercise 1.1. Experimental Design. Exercise 1.2. A Library Exercise in the Scientific Method. Exercise 1.3. Effects of Nutrients on Plant Growth. Extended 5 week exercise Exercise 1.4. Science and Technology. Web exercise 2. Natural History. Exercise 2.1. Observing Nature. Extended exercise Exercise 2.2. Natural History in Art. Exercise 2.3. Natural History in Literature. UNIT 1: ESSENTIAL PARTS. 3. Biological Molecules. Exercise 3.1. The Nature of Organic Compounds. Exercise 3.2. Benedict's Test for Simple Sugars. Exercise 3.3. Iodine Test for Starch. Exercise 3.4. Enzymatic Digestion of Starch. Exercise 3.5. Sudan Test for Lipids. Exercise 3.6. Biuret Test for Proteins. Exercise 3.7. Colorimetric Assay. Exercise 3.8. Composition of an Unknown Substance. Continuous with previous exercises 4. Microscopy and Basic Cell Structure. Exercise 4.1. Parts of the Microscope. Exercise 4.2. The Letter E. Exercise 4.3. Crossed Threads. Exercise 4.4. The Dissecting Microscope. Exercise 4.5. Plant Cells. Exercise 4.6. Animal Cells. Exercise 4.7. Pond Water. 5. Diffusion and Osmosis. Exercise 5.1. The Effect of Molecular Weight on Diffusion/ Exercise 5.2. Osmosis in Animal Cells. Exercise 5.3. Osmosis in Plant Cells. Exercise 5.4. The Effects of Osmosis on Plant Tissues. UNIT 2: ENERGY. 6. Proteins and Enzymes. Exercise 6.1a. Cheese Production Using Enzymes. Exercise 6.1b. Converting Cheese to Amino Acids. Exercise 6.2. Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity. Exercise 6.3. Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity. Continuous with exercise 6.2. Exercise 6.4. The Effects of Enzymes on Your Dinner. Exercise 6.5. Enzyme Deficiencies. Web exercise 7. Deriving Energy from Food. Exercise 7.1. Alcoholic Fermentation: Carbon Dioxide Production by Yeast. Exercise 7.2. Heat Production by Living Organisms. Exercise 7.3. Oxygen Consumption During Cellular Respiration. 8. Photosynthesis. Exercise 8.1. Effects of Carbon Dioxide and Light on Photosynthesis. Exercise 8.2. Carbon Dioxide Consumption by Elodea. Exercise 8.3. Photosynthetic Pigments. UNIT 3: GENETICS. 9. Cell Division. Exercise 9.1. Mitosis Simulation. Exercise 9.2. Meiosis Simulation. Exercise 9.3. Plant Mitosis. Exercise 9.4. Animal Mitosis. 10. Mendelian Genetics. Exercise 10.1. The Monohybrid Cross. Extended 5 week exercise Exercise 10.2. Chi-Square Analysis. Continuous with exercise 10.1. Exercise 10.3. The Dihybrid Cross and Chi-Square Analysis. 11. Biotechnology. Exercise 11.1. Restriction Enzymes and Electrophoresis of DNA. Exercise 11.2. Outbreak! Fingerprinting Virus DNA. Exercise 11.3. Transformations. Extended 2 week exercise UNIT 4: EVOLUTION AND CLASSIFICATION. 12. Evolution. Exercise 12.1. Natural Selection. Exercise 12.2. Detecting Evolution: The Hardy-Weinberg Equation. Exercise 12.3. Genetic Drift: The Founder Effect. Exercise 12.4. Human Evolution: Quantitative Skull Assessment. Exercise 12.5. Human Evolution: Qualitative Skull Assessment. Continuous with exercise 12.4. Exercise 12.6. Shaking our Family Tree. Exercise 12.7. Evolution and Creationism. Web exercise 13. Classification and Taxonomic Keys. Exercise 13.1. Classification. Exercise 13.2. A Taxonomic Key. UNIT 5: THE DIVERSITY OF LIFE. 14. Bacteria. Exercise 14.1. Bacterial Types. Exercise 14.2. Gram Staining. Exercise 14.3. Coliform Bacteria. Extended 2 week exercise Exercise 14.4. The Plague. Web exercise 15. Protists. Exercise 15.1. Animal-Like Protists. Exercise 15.2. Fungus-Like Protists. Exercise 15.3. Plant-Like Protists. Exercise 15.4. Protozoan Races. Exercise 15.5. Hay Infusion Cultures. Extended 2-6 week exercise Exercise 15.6. Emerging Diseases. Web exercise 16. Fungi. Exercise 16.1. Zygote-Forming Fungi. Exercise 16.2. Sac Fungi. Exercise 16.3. Club Fungi. Exercise 16.4. Lichens. Exercise 16.5. Ergotism. Web exercise 17. Plant Diversity. Exercise 17.1. Bryophytes: Nonvascular Plants. Exercise 17.2. Pterophytes: Seedless Vascular Plants. Exercise 17.3. Gymnosperms: Naked Seed Plants. Exercise 17.4. Angiosperms: Flowering Plants. 18. Flowering Plants: Structure and Function. Exercise 18.1. Root Anatomy. Exercise 18.2. Herbaceous Stem Anatomy. Exercise 18.3. Woody Stem Anatomy. Exercise 18.4. Leaf Anatomy. Exercise 18.5. A Visit from Darwin. Extended 4 week exercise Exercise 18.6. Applied Botany and Mycology. Web exercise 19. Invertebrates. Exercise 19.1. Embryological Development. Exercise 19.2. Phylum Porifera: Sponges. Exercise 19.3. Phylum Cnidaria: Tissue Types and Obelia Life Cycle. Exercise 19.4. Phylum Platyhelminthes. Exercise 19.5. Pseudocoelomates. Exercise 19.6. Phylum Mollusca. Exercise 19.7. Phylum Annelida. Exercise 19.8. Phylum Echinodermata. 20. Arthropods. Exercise 20.1. Subphylum Trilobita: Trilobites. Exercise 20.2. Subphylum Chelicerata: Horseshoe Crabs and Spiders. Exercise 20.3. Subphylum Crustacea: Crayfish Dissection. Exercise 20.4. Subphylum Uniramia: The Millipede. Exercise 20.5. Subphylum Uniramia: Insect Anatomy. Exercise 20.6. Insect Metamorphosis. Exercise 20.7. Human-Invertebrate Relationships. Web exercise 21. Chordates. Exercise 21.1. Four Chordate Characteristics. Exercise 21.2. Vertebrate Survey. Exercise 21.3. Mammalian Dentition. Exercise 21.4. Constructing an Animal Key. UNIT 6: MAMMALIAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. 22. Tissues and the Skeletal System. Exercise 22.1. Epithelial Tissue. Exercise 22.2. Connective Tissue. Exercise 22.3. Muscle Tissue. Exercise 22.4. The Skeletal System. 23. The Nervous System and Sensory Perception. Exercise 23.1. The Neuron. Exercise 23.2. Reflex Responses. Exercise 23.3. Voluntary Responses. Exercise 23.4. The Brain. Exercise 23.5. The Eye. Exercise 23.6. The Ear. 24. The Cardiovascular System. Exercise 24.1. The Heart. Exercise 24.2. Pulse Rate and Blood Pressure. 25. Rat Dissection. Exercise 25.1. External Anatomy. Exercise 25.2. Internal Anatomy. Continuous with exercise 25.1 Exercise 25.3. The Digestive System. Continuous with exercise 25.1 Exercise 25.4. The Excretory System. Continuous with exercise 25.1 Exercise 25.5. The Reproductive Systems. Continuous with exercise 25.1 UNIT 7: ECOLOGY. 26. Population Ecology. Exercise 26.1. Dynamics of an Animal Population. Extended 5-11 week exercise Exercise 26.2. Dynamics of a Plant Population. Extended 5-15 week exercise Exercise 26.3. Life Table for a Human Population. Extended 2 week exercise or 1 week if data is already available Exercise 26.4. Implications of the Human Population. Web exercise 27. Community and Environmental Ecology. Exercise 27.1. Aquatic Community Trophic Structure. Extended 2 week exercise Exercise 27.2. Invertebrates as Water Quality Indicators. Continuous with exercise 27.1 Exercise 27.3. Effects of Acid Rain. Extended 4-26 week exercise Continuous with exercise 27.1 Exercise 27.4. Species Diversity. Continuous with exercise 27.1 Exercise 27.5. Diversity of Institutions. Exercise 27.6. Ecosystems. Web exercise 28. Predation. Exercise 28.1. Predator-Prey Interactions and Population Dynamics. Extended 2-3 week exercise Exercise 28.2. Owl Pellets. 29. Symbiosis. Exercise 29.1. Human Mites. Exercise 29.2. Termites and Protozoans. Exercise 29.3. Human Helminths. Exercise 29.4. Jar of Worms. Exercise 29.5. Water. Web exercise 30. Animal Behavior. Exercise 30.1. Terrestrial Taxis. Exercise 30.2. Aquatic Taxis. Exercise 30.3. Social Behavior of Betta Fish. Appendices. Appendix 1. How to Cite References. Appendix 2. Darwin: The Power of Movement in Plants. Appendix 3. Freshwater Macroinvertebrates of the United States.
